Begash (Kazakhstan)

Begash is a Eurasian pastoralist campsite, located in Semirchye in the piedmont zone of the Dzhungar Mountains of southeastern Kazakhstan, which was occupied episodically between ~2500 BC to AD 1900. The site is located at about 950 meters (3110 feet) above sea level, in a flat ravine terrace enclosed by canyon walls and along a spring-fed stream. Archaeological evidence at the site contains information about some of the earliest pastoralist Steppe Society communities; the important archaeobotanical evidence suggests Begash may have been on the route which moved domestic plants from the point of domestication into the broader world. Timeline and Chronology Archaeological investigations have identified six major phases of occupations. Phase 6 (cal AD 1680-1900), HistoricPhase 5 (cal AD 1260-1410), MedievalPhase 4 (cal AD 70-550), Late Iron AgePhase 3 (970 cal BC-30 cal AD), Early Iron AgePhase 2 (1625-1000 cal BC), Middle-Late Bronze AgePhase 1 (2450-1700 cal BC), Early-Middle Bronze Age A stone foundation for a single house is the earliest structure, built at Begash during Phase Ia. A cist burial, characteristic of other late Bronze Age and Iron Age kurgan burials, contained a cremation: near it was a ritual fire pit. Artifacts associated with Phase 1 include pottery with textile impressions; stone tools including grinders and micro-blades. Phase 2 saw an increase in the number of houses, as well and hearths and pit features; this last was evidence of roughly 600 years of periodic occupation, rather than a permanent settlement. Phase 3 represents the early Iron Age, and contains the pit burial of a young adult woman. Beginning about 390 cal BC, the first substantial residence at the site was built, consisting of two quadrilateral houses with central stone-lined fire-pits and hard-packed floors. The houses were multi-roomed, with stone lined postholes for central roof support. Trash pits and fire-pits are found between the houses. During Phase 4, occupation at Begash is again intermittent, a number of hearths and trash pits have been identified, but not much else. The final phases of occupation, 5 and 6, have substantial large rectangular foundations and corrals still detectable on the modern surface. Plants from Begash Within soils samples taken from the Phase 1a burial cist and associated funerary fire pit were discovered seeds of domesticated wheat, broomcorn millet and barley. This evidence is interpreted by the excavators, an assertion supported by many other scholars, as indication of a distinct route of transmission of wheat and millet from the central Asian mountains and into the steppes by the late 3rd millennium BC (Frachetti et al. 2010). The wheat consisted of 13 whole seeds of domesticated compact free-threshing wheat, either Triticum aestivum or T. turgidum. Frachetti et al. report that the wheat compares favorably to that from the Indus Valley region in Mehrgarh and other Harappan sites, ca. 2500-2000 cal BC and from Sarazm in western Tajikistan, ca. 2600-2000 BC. A total of 61 carbonized broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) seeds were recovered from various Phase 1a contexts, one of which was direct-dated to 2460-2190 cal BC. One barley grain and 26 cerealia (grains unidentified to species), were also recovered from the same contexts. Other seeds found within the soil samples are wild Chenopodium album, Hyoscyamus spp. (also known as nightshade), Galium spp. (bedstraw) and Stipa spp. (feathergrass or spear grass). See Frachetti et al. 2010 and Spengler et al. 2014 for additional details. Domesticated wheat, broomcorn millet and barley found in this context is surprising, given that the people who occupied Begash were clearly nomadic pastoralists, not farmers. The seeds were found in a ritual context, and Frachetti and colleagues suggest that the botanical evidence represents both a ritual exploitation of exotic foods, and an early trajectory for the diffusion of domestic crops from their points of origin into the broader world. Animal Bones The faunal evidence (nearly 22,000 bones and bone fragments) at Begash contradicts the traditional notion that the emergence of Eurasian pastoralism was sparked by horse riding. Sheep/goat are the most prevalent species within the assemblages, as much as 75% of identified minimum number of individuals (MNI) in the earliest phases to just under 50% in Phase 6. Although distinguishing sheep from goats is notoriously difficult, sheep are much more frequently identified in the Begash assemblage than goats. Cattle are the next most frequently found, making up between 18-32% of the faunal assemblages throughout the occupations; with horse remains not present at all until ca 1950 BC, and then in slowly increasing percentages to around 12% by the medieval period. Other domestic animals include dog and Bactrian camel, and wild species are dominated by red deer (Cervus elaphus) and, in the later period, goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Key species at the earliest Middle and Bronze age levels at Begash indicates that sheep/goats and cattle were the predominant species. Unlike other steppe communities, it seems apparent that the earliest phases at Begash were not based on horse riding, but rather began with Eurasian pastoralists. See Frachetti and Benecke for details. Outram et al. (2012), however, have argued that the results from Begash should not be considered necessarily typical of all steppe societies. Their 2012 article compared proportions of cattle, sheep and horses from six other Bronze Age sites in Kazakhstan, to show that dependence on horses seems to varied widely from site to site. Textiles and Pottery Textile-impressed pottery from Begash dated to the Early/Middle and Late Bronze ages reported in 2012 (Doumani and Frachetti) provide evidence for a wide variety of woven textiles in the southeastern steppe zone, beginning in the early Bronze Age. Such a wide variety of woven patterns, including a weft-faced cloth, implies interaction between pastoral and hunter-gatherer societies from the northern steppe with pastoralists to the southeast. Such interaction is likely, say Doumani and Frachetti, to be associated with trade networks postulated to have been established no later than the 3rd millinennium BC. These trade networks are believed to have spread animal and plant domestication out of the along the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor. Archaeology Begash was excavated during the first decade of the 21st century, by the joint Kazakh-American Dzhungar Mountains Archaeology Project (DMAP) under the direction of Alexei N. Maryashev and Michael Frachetti. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Steppe Societies, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Sources for this article are listed on page two. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Steppe Societies, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Betts A, Jia PW, and Dodson J. 2013 The origins of wheat in China and potential pathways for its introduction: A review. Quaternary International in press. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2013.07.044 d’Alpoim Guedes J, Lu H, Li Y, Spengler R, Wu X, and Aldenderfer M. 2013. Moving agriculture onto the Tibetan plateau: the archaeobotanical evidence. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences:1-15. doi: 10.1007/s12520-013-0153-4 Doumani PN, and Frachetti MD. 2012. Bronze Age textile evidence in ceramic impressions: weaving and pottery technology among mobile pastoralists of central Eurasia. Antiquity 86(332):368-382. Frachetti MD, and Benecke N. 2009. From sheep to (some) horses: 4500 years of herd structure at the pastoralist settlement of Begash (south-eastern Kazakhstan). Antiquity 83(322):1023-1027. Frachetti MD, and Maryashev AN. 2007. Long-Term Occupation and Seasonal Settlement of Eastern Eurasian Pastoralists at Begash, Kazakhstan. Journal of Field Archaeology 32(3):221-242. doi: 10.1179/009346907791071520 Frachetti MD, Spengler RN, Fritz GJ, and Maryashev AN. 2010. Earliest direct evidence for broomcorn millet and wheat in the central Eurasian steppe region. Antiquity 84(326):993–1010. Outram AK, Kasparov A, Stear NA, Varfolomeev V, Usmanova E, and Evershed RP. 2012. Patterns of pastoralism in later Bronze Age Kazakhstan: new evidence from faunal and lipid residue analyses. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(7):2424-2435. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.009 Spengler III RN. 2013. Botanical Resource Use in the Bronze and Iron Age of the Central Eurasian Mountain/Steppe Interface: Decision Making in Multiresource Pastoral Economies. St. Louis, Missouri: Washington University in St. Louis. Spengler III RN, Cerasetti B, Tengberg M, Cattani M, and Rouse L. 2014. Agriculturalists and pastoralists: Bronze Age economy of the Murghab alluvial fan, southern Central Asia. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany in press. doi: 10.1007/s00334-014-0448-0 Spengler III RN, Frachetti M, Doumani P, Rouse L, Cerasetti B, Bullion E, and Maryashev A. 2014. Early agriculture and crop transmission among Bronze Age mobile pastoralists of Central Eurasia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281(1783). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3382

After Affects of WWI - 1513 Words

After Affects of WWI WWI was, at its time, the largest and most destructive war planet Earth had ever seen. Some countries lost millions of lives and nearly an entire generation. The war casted the world into massive debt and Europe was almost totally razed. The Allies sought revenge and not so surprisingly, they found it. The Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany must accept total fault for the war. Germany was forced to pay reparation money, which it did not have, to the Allies. This drove Germany into greater debt than any other country in the world. Its population felt wronged and cheated. This series of events led to far reaching consequences, ranging from the rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany to the creation of countries such as†¦show more content†¦At this time the World, most likely the allies, should have intervened but the tolls taken by the First World War were seen as too great. France which was almost completely decimated by the war and still in the process of rebuilding from, it w as in no condition to raise a military force. However countries such as England, America although it was in the midst of the great depression, the newly formed Soviet Union should have taken action. Sadly they did not as they all thought that the reproductions of the First World War from the aforementioned death tolls to the economic down turns of the world, the major military powers of the world neglected the problem because they were more concerned with the well being of their own counties at the time. Most likely no military action would have been necessary because The Nazi party’s early years consisted of taking tiny little steps toward govt. change and expansion of German borders, poking and prodding waiting for a response and when none came The Nazi Party ran wild. But perhaps the most far reaching consequences were the new border lines that it drew. The newShow MoreRelatedWorld War I ( Wwi )1307 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War I (WWI) brought unprecedented change to the world. Never before had the entire world engaged in such brutal conflict. World War I brought about great pain and sorrow for the whole world. Even countries who were not directly involved in front line combat bore the suffering of financial and social limitations that affected the entire world during this time. The young and still forming country, Australia, was also deeply impacted and permanently changed by WWI. Australia’s close connectionRead MoreCompare and Contrast Ww1 Ww21058 Words   |  5 Pagesassassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914. However, World War II was caused by the political and economic instability in Germany, along with the bad conditions of the Treaty of Versailles . When the treaty of Versailles was put into affect, Germany acknowledged responsibility for the war, which also meant agreeing to pay enormous amounts of money for war reparations and losing land/territory to those who won the war . However, Germany agreed to this with a lot of bitterness. DuringRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1395 Words   |  6 Pagesagain. The good that came from the violence that you used lasted for a short time, but the punishment that you get for doing this lasts for a long time. Imperialism of rivalries and nationalism were two of the main reasons that most countries joined WWI, ‘the war to end all wars†. In All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque illustrates a group of young boys whose lives have been dehumanized by the trench warfare. Paul Baumer, a teenager and also the narrator of the book, discloses storiesRead MoreThe War Of The Great Depression1019 Words   |  5 PagesWWI was a war that devastated millions. The causes of this war, and any war, are important to study because they greatly impact the future. Studying the war allows the future generations to learn from mistakes. The nations that fought in the war include: Russia, Great Britain, France, and Austria-Hungary. The nations were affected by the cost of war, and the deaths. WWI launched the great depression. WWI started in 1914 and ended in 1918. The effects of the war had a tremendous affect on the nationsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Somme1531 Words   |  7 PagesIt was an offensive type of battle . The British and the french got around 7 miles of ground and lost thousands of men in the process of the battle. It is considered one of the largest and bloodiest battles of WWI. The French and the British had agreed on a bunch of plans to attack the Central Powers . The majority of the battle was the French army. On the first day of the battle the germans were beat and were forcedRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front/WWI Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesKatczinsky has died† (Remarque 291) everything changed for Paul. Despite demises of Paul’s other friends, Kat’s death affects Paul tremendously. Kat was the last and the only friend he had. He was the only person driving Paul to survive in the war, without Kat there is nothing for Paul to look after the war. Not only are Paul’s friends keeping in sane, but they were also what Paul aspired for after the war. They were Paul’s friends, family, and his reason for existence. Furthermore, the war inflicts Paul withRead MoreHow Medicine Changed American History1296 Words   |  6 PagesAs expected, with war comes extensive injuries. During WWI, it took a wounded soldier about 24 hours to travel from the battlefield to a hospital. Many times, the soldiers did not live through that excruciating 24 hours. The wounds inflicted on many soldiers led to the development of new m edical techniques and improvements (iWonder 2015). The quickly rising death toll during WWI led to the creation of blood transfusion techniques. Prior to WWI, blood transfusions were nearly impossible without cross-matchingRead MoreWith Another World War Forming In The European And Asian1202 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican public wanted to stay out of the war this time, and in doing so elected isolationist government members, which included Gerald Nye and Robert LaFollette. Nye later formed his own committee which focused on the cases of entering WWI and how it could affect America with this future war. With these findings and urging the American public, multiple Neutrality Acts were passed, allowing both sides to get what they wanted, all while staying out of the war. However, on the brink of war, the isolationistsRead MoreThe War Of The European Powers1605 Words   |  7 Pagesnote shifted our view and got us involved in WWI. (â€Å"U-S-History.com†) Today USA is a world su per power and not nearly as isolated as we used to be. A foreign issue becomes an American issue when it threatens our security. This can be seen through the Cold War, global wars, cyber warfare, and terrorism. All of these issues show when we should get involved in the past and present. Firstly, the Cold War threatened our safety and security after WWII. After WWII the US finally thought they had peace atRead MoreGermany s Desire For World Power1308 Words   |  6 PagesMany countries were involved in WWI, Germany being one of them. It is arguable whether Germany is responsible for the outbreak of war or rather the responsibility of individual countries such as Britain, Russia, France, Austria-Hungary and the Balkans collectively. However, Germany should be blamed to the full extent of starting WW1 due to the reasons that Germany had unconditional support for Austria, Germany s war plans were planned to cause more conflict and Germany s mobilization schedule.

Environmentalists Confront Overpopulation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmentalists Confront Overpopulation. Answer: Introduction Overpopulation is a condition where the number of the existing population exceeds the number of resources available for the survival of the population comfortably. This condition is undesirable as it affects the ability of human capacity in that environment to be adequately productive thus becoming an issue. This condition is or can be influenced by various factors that some include; reduced rate of mortality, reduced use of birth control measures, and availability of better medical facilities with well provided medical services among others (MONROE, 2014). Overpopulation is one of the major threats to human growth and development today because it influences massive increase of environmental pollution, overconsumption of the natural resources such as farming products, fresh water, and land among others. Overpopulation is an environmental issue that has resulted in various effects. These effects tend to negatively affect the rate at which activities intended for development take place due to overutilization of the available natural resources. Some of these include; Increased conflicts and wars. As a result of the increased population over the available natural resources results to disagreements and wars (SINGH, SINGH, SRIVASTAVA, 2017). As a major effect, the strain of resources to utilize on development issues of both the environment and the people has been encouraged. For the development of both the people and the environment at large, natural resources are very important and its depletion results to disagreements. Example, water is a natural resource that is required by both human population, as well as the environment and its over depletion, may result in reduced life span, low levels of development, as well as reduced human activities as nobody, can survive without water (EMMOTT, 2013). The high cost of living as well as increasing rates of unemployment. Overpopulation is characterized by increased number of population that is focused on using the same set of natural resources. As a result, people tend to strain on acquiring the same resources important for survival thus increasing the cost of acquiring the products (CAFARO CRIST, 2012). This is very unfortunate and is an issue that negatively affects the environment as a whole. Increasing rates of unemployment have also been as a result of increasing rates of the population that only the most qualified ones tend to acquire the few existing job opportunities. In some cases, overpopulation tends to employ the scientific fact of survival for the fittest as only the few can get access to the resources as well as the existing job opportunities. I choose this topic on overpopulation because its really a big issue. Having outlined the various effects enhanced by overpopulation on the rate of growth and development of both the environment and human population, its clear to notice that this condition is a real threat for development. To improve on this, the condition can be reduced or positively dealt with through empowering people on the need to control the rates of population growth. This can be done by providing adequate sex education as even the very young are giving birth in this era, create awareness on the use of family planning methods among the people as a measure of birth control among other factors. Overpopulation is a serious and big issue and should be controlled using the right means. References CAFARO, P., CRIST, E. 2012. Life on the brink: environmentalists confront overpopulation. Athens, University of Georgia Press. EMMOTT, S. 2013. 10 billion. MONROE, J. S. 2014. The changing earth: exploring geology and evolution. SINGH, R. P., SINGH, A., SRIVASTAVA, V. 2017. Environmental issues surrounding human overpopulation.

X Barbiturate use in the pre

X Barbiturate use in the pre-benzodiazepine period Essay xBarbiturate use in the pre-benzodiazepine period was such that, in the United Statesalone, production of these drugs reached, in 1955, the quantity necessary for the treatment of 10 million people throughout an entire year (Lopez-Munoz,Ucha-Udabe, and Alamo 336).While Bradburys novel was being written, the Durham-Humphrey Amendment (1951) to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (1938) divided medicines into two categoriesas a reaction to this problem: prescription and over-the-counter.By 1952 and 1956, the Narcotics Expert Committee of the WorldHealthOrganizationrecommended that barbiturates should only be available on prescription.The novelssalient overdose episode argues thatsedative abuse is the individuals response to a culture hostile to memory and the cultivation of thought. Cultural hostility to critical thought is revealed by structures of formal education. Schooling isan hour of TV class, an hour of basketball or baseball or running, another hour of transcription history or p ainting pictureswe never ask questionsthey just run the answers at you,bing,bing,bing, and us sitting there for four more hours of film-teacher.Thats not social to me at all(37).Schools of the future exploit the televisionseffect ofquick and wide spreading of current and often emotionally charged information which is designed and destined to be forgotten at the instant of its reception (Mockel-Rieke9).History, thecurriculumslaudatortemporisacte, is reduced torote transcription, areductioadabsurdam, a simulation of memory.As a curricular subject, Historythe narrative of actual events and speculation about their causes, derived from meditative acts of reading andquestioningother representations of the past, and composing new materialabouteventsis purposelyrendered impotent. We will write a custom essay on X Barbiturate use in the pre-benzodiazepine period specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

George Hewes in American Revolution free essay sample

After establishing Hews sound memory and also cross- checking most of his statements, the biographers where able to confirm to certain extent his participation in Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party. Nonetheless, there Is full evidence that Hews not only was Involved, but was the Centre of attraction during the tarring and feathering of John Malcolm, a loyalist (Kindle Location 534). He also served as a privateer and in militia on and off from 1776 to 1781. He was present at the Stamp Act of 1765, but apparently he was Justas by-stander.On the night of 5th, March 1770, Hews claimed that he was early on the scene at King Street when a barbers apprentice was quarrelling with a British officer over an overdue bill. Young comments that the way Hews said he soon joined the crowd on the as if it were only natural that he should turn out in defense for his fellow townsmen against what was assumed to be the danger of aggressive action by the soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on George Hewes in American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soon there was a riot between the people and the soldiers during which Private Killjoy deals a blow on Hews shoulder with his gun.He wasnt calm with Captain Preston ordering the crowd to back-off and Justified that they had every right to stay there as much as the soldiers did. He was horrified on the turnout of events where a political confrontation by people led to slaughter. Later the next day he was resisted by a group of soldiers for arming himself with a cane. He argues he has a right to carry the cane if he wants to. Possibly, the injustice given out in the Seeder murder trial, Preston Massacre trial stirred Hews up to take a political action.After the unfortunate episode of Boston Massacre, Hews volunteers In the Boston Tea Party of 1 773 to make statement for the crown to repeal the Tea Act. Young quotes Hews explaining the plan of action and his position in it, The commander of the division to which I belonged, as soon as we were on board the ship, appointed me boatswain, ND ordered me to go to the captain and demand of him the keys to the hatches and a dozen candles. I made the demand accordingly. And the captain promptly replied. And delivered the articles; but requested me at the same time to do no damage to the ship or rigging.We then were ordered by our commander to open the hatches, and take out all the chests of tea and throw them overboard, and we immediately proceeded to execute his orders. Young also writes that when Thatcher Interviewed Hews he found it skeptical for John Hancock to work along Hews side during the event. Yet, Theater confirmed after referring to Thomson Master, one of the other participants, that Hews lead some of the men. George Hews was an iconic figure during the Incident of tarring and feathering John Malcolm, a loyalist with an Infamous reputation In the British Empire for seizing vessels from sailors who he accused of smuggling.On 25th January of 1774, in the afternoon when Hews was 1 OFF his cane. When Hews tries to question his intentions, and when criticized Hews defends that he was not the one who was tarred and feathered. For that Malcolm ends up breaking Hews skull with his cane. Though Hews, while still recovering from the wound, complains to the law to take action against Malcolm, a mob who shares a common hatred against the loyalist, takes an initiative to punish Malcolm themselves as they believed the law would not do any Justice as it failed to deliver before.The lines when they were told the law would take it off (Young, Kindle Locations 563-565) suggest that Hews was completely against the harassment against Malcolm by the mob. He Just wanted the law to deal with it and not by a mob that cruelly punishes the man. In a nutshell, though Hews was the reason for the reciprocation of the event, it was not his intention on the way it turned out to be. Hews played a more prominent role in the events that led to the Revolutionary War than in the war itself. He served as a privateer in the fall of 1776 aboard Diamond, during which they captured a few British vessels.After distress at sea, he returns to Wreath in the fall of 1777 and Joins militia. He serves for a couple of months in 1777 and 1778. Then he sets on a second voyage as a privateer in 1779 for about 7 months. After getting back from his voyage he served in militia on and off from 1780 o 1781. One of the main reason he served was to support his family. Though his participation in the war was minimal compared to events that led to the war it definitely changed his perception towards life and freedom.When he started of a shoemaker he was very humble and seemed that he saw no pride in what was doing. As the time passed with his participation in the events that led to the war, his political perception towards the world changed. He developed firm beliefs in right and wrong, and stood for his what he believed in. At the end of the war he believed hat he did not need to remove his hat for anyone, as he deserved to be treated with more respect for all that he has done for the country so far.Young explains that during the peak time of Cold War, with crusades against revolution abroad, researches on the political revolutions including the American Revolution were in process and many projects were funded to publish the completed papers of the documentation written by the founding fa thers. The major movements such as the Civil Rights movement, Anti-war movement, and womens movement made the historians realize the importance of an individual in a movement and made them study history to the smallest detail.Fascinated by the impact of common people of the time on the revolution, Young sets out studying in particular the mechanics-as master craftsmen, Journeymen, and apprentices came to call themselves-in the making of the Revolution. (Young, Kindle Edition 60-61) He comes across Georges name in many of the events and he gets quite interested to study the view of the events through the perception of a single man. So he sets out researching about Hews and illustrates his findings. It is a not a surprise for George Hews to come out of his zone almost at the end of is life to illustrate the happenings of late sasss.He mainly sets out for the pension that he thought he deserved if he proved his participation in the war. He was not of a major importance as far as the revolutio n is considered but the experience of the events through his view proved to be very resourceful. Also there were no concrete regarding that is either buried or destroyed. For example, Boston Tea Party was originally known as Destruction of Tea which not many know about. According to Young writing about George was an attempt to give the readers a more insightful experience into the revolution.

Political Psychology essays

Political Psychology essays Psychology has played an integral part in the scope of politics throughout history, from ancient times, through World Wars, and probably even more so, through the present day American government and all of its political scandals. In a broad sense, politics are the acts or practices of those individuals who seek any position of power or advantage. The psychology of politics refers to an individuals concerns, his conceptions, his reactions, and his responses to his, and in a sense, others political experience and behavior. Political behavior includes all of an individuals activity that is directed toward a solution of the problems of daily living. Quite possibly, the most important thing for any politician, or any leader for that matter, to gain, and maintain, is control over those that this person wishes to govern or rule. Control can be gained in a number of ways; through coercion, persuasion, and even fear, to name a few. Since politics is an aspect of control, there is a relation between coercion and politics. There are various theories that coercion is the main characteristic of politics. There are two steps in the use of coercion to control. First, the politician or leader must induce in the person or group that he is looking to control, a severe discomfort, such as, injury, either to them or objects or things that they would consider dear or important to themselves. Second, he must convince the person or group, that the only way to lessen the discomfort is to comply or conform to a course of behavior as set by the politician or leader. Because of the potential for severe discomfort, coercion has a large effect o n the psyche. This model, though not as readily used now, was very present and widely used, especially in Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, and in Russia, under Josef Stalin. This model is what is commonly known at totalitarianism. The object of the totalitarian government is simple: to contro ...

Research assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment - Research Paper Example Apart from being some of the most favorable career choices in New York and the US at large, these career options suit skills that I have accrued over time, and also require the personal traits and character strengths that I possess which include spirituality, love, gratitude, kindness, and humor. From this research, I aim at collecting sufficient information both from secondary sources and interviews that would guide me in making a wise and directed career choice. The structure of the research paper will involve three segments: a total of eight Q&A on each of the two occupations, with two questions extracted from each of the four parts of information in the Career Database, and a conclusion. Occupation One: Registered nurse Q.1: What kind of work is done in this field (types of tasks, responsibilities, assignments, projects, etc.)? A: The work of a registered nurse entails a lot of tasks and responsibilities that draw their descriptions from the many environments that registered nurs es work: nursing care facilities, hospitals, correctional facilities, schools, military, doctor’s offices, and different types of camps. ... The work of registered nurses is not only limited to these, but Kate, a registered nurse in an Albany hospital, emphasizes on a lot of sacrifice of nurses in being able to step out of their working description and do many other tasks whenever it is needed, especially in a critical situation involving life. Q.2: How flexible are the hours? Does the work involve long hours, shift work, overtime, or working on weekends? A.: Most working environments for registered nurses have duty rosters that allocate each employee fair working hours. These rosters are usually supplied beforehand, ensuring each registered nurse has flexibility in planning other personal activities. The average working hours for nurses is approximately 10 hours. The work involves shifts that provide alternations by various workers. However, in cases of emergencies like catastrophes, there is an expectation and obligation of nurses to sacrifice and work overtime, even with an exception of compensation, for the sake of hu manity. Q.3: What education is required for someone who is entering this field (associate’s, bachelors, master’s, or other advanced degrees)? A: At entry level, an Associate’s degree is the requirement for someone with an interest in pursuing a career as a registered nurse. However, a Bachelor’s degree would be a better bet as research has shown that most people in this career have attained this level of education (Labor Statistics). Q.4: What kinds of people tend to do well in this field? What skills and qualities are important (e.g., attention to detail, ability to work under pressure, or ability to negotiate)? A. Being a registered nurse requires a number of skillsets and qualities that only a few have in a combinative form. These include patience, altruism,